Python Backend Roadmap

Learn Python Backend step by step — 71 free lessons with spaced repetition and active recall on RetainHQ, so what you study actually sticks.

Lessons

• Database Migrations with Alembic
• API Tests: TestClient vs HTTPX
• *args & **kwargs
• Async Tests
• async vs def Endpoints
• Background Tasks
• Blocking Calls in Async Code
• Closures & LEGB scope
• Concurrency vs Parallelism
• ConfigDict & from_attributes
• Database Connection Pooling
• Coroutines, async / await
• Coverage and CI
• Custom exceptions & EAFP
• dataclasses
• Decorators
• Dependency Injection (Depends)
• dict internals & ordering
• Dockerfile & Multi-stage Builds
• Duck typing
• Eager Loading with selectinload
• Env Vars and Secrets
• functools.wraps
• Reference counting & GC
• Generator expressions
• Hardening, Health, and Rate Limits
• HTTPException and Error Shape
• None & truthiness
• Inheritance & super() (MRO)
• Class vs instance attributes
• is vs ==
• Iterators & the iterator protocol
• Positional vs keyword arguments
• Comprehensions
• Slicing
• instance / class / static methods
• Middleware & CORS
• Mocking and Patching
• Mutable default argument pitfall
• Mutable vs immutable types
• The N+1 Queries Problem
• None & Truthiness
• Variables as references
• Dunder methods (__eq__/__hash__)
• Parametrized Tests
• Path & Query Parameters
• @property
• Pydantic Models and Validators
• Config & Pydantic Settings
• Pytest Basics and Fixtures
• Request Body & response_model
• Routers & App Structure
• Sessions and expire_on_commit
• set & membership
• Shallow vs deep copy
• Slicing
• Async SQLAlchemy and SQLModel
• Status Codes & OpenAPI
• __str__ vs __repr__
• Structured Logging in Prod
• Tasks & gather
• The event loop
• The GIL (Global Interpreter Lock)
• Threading vs Multiprocessing
• Transactions and Atomicity
• try / except / else / finally
• list vs tuple
• Uvicorn, Gunicorn, and Workers
• Context managers (with)
• WSGI vs ASGI
• Generators & yield